Antalgic gait is an abnormal walking pattern commonly seen in adults, particularly those experiencing pain. It results in a noticeable limp, where the stance phase is shortened compared to the swing phase.
“In healthy individuals, walking is a smooth, symmetrical process. However, when pain affects the joints, muscles, or bones, this balance is disrupted, leading to an antalgic gait”, said Harvey Young.
Identifying the root cause of the pain is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
What Are the Common Causes?
The underlying causes of antalgic gait often involve the lower back or lower extremities and can be classified into several categories:
- Inflammatory Causes: Conditions like lumbar radiculopathy, sciatica, bursitis, plantar fasciitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Traumatic Causes: Injuries such as fractures or sprains of the lower extremity or hip, as well as vertebral fractures.
- Vascular Causes: Issues like deep venous thrombosis, vascular disease, or claudication.
- Infectious Causes: Conditions such as septic arthritis or discitis.
- Neoplastic Causes: Tumours or pathologic fractures, which may result from cancer or other serious conditions.
Prevalence of Antalgic Gait
The risk of developing gait disorders increases with age. Over 60% of individuals aged 80 and older experience some form of gait disturbance, including antalgic gait. It is also a common complaint in emergency departments and primary care clinics. Although most prevalent in older adults, anyone can develop antalgic gait due to injury or underlying medical conditions.
Evaluation and Diagnosis
Diagnosing antalgic gait requires a thorough medical history and physical examination. This process helps determine the source of the pain and any underlying issues affecting the patient’s gait.
Medical History
Harvey Young will ask about the location, nature, and duration of the pain and any factors that exacerbate or relieve symptoms. Additionally, he will inquire about past trauma, similar pain episodes, medication use, and general health.
Physical Examination
The lower limbs, hips, and spine will be carefully examined to assess tenderness, inflammation, and joint range of motion. Harvey may perform a neuromuscular evaluation to investigate possible vascular or neuropathic causes.
Diagnostic Testing
In cases where a detailed history and physical examination do not provide a clear diagnosis, further testing may be required:
- Blood Tests: To assess inflammatory markers or detect conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or infections.
- Imaging Studies: X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds can help identify fractures, degenerative conditions, or vascular problems.
- Synovial Fluid Analysis: May be necessary to differentiate between infectious and non-infectious causes of joint pain.
Care Options
The primary goal in managing antalgic gait is to address the underlying cause of the pain. Care plans vary depending on the diagnosis and severity of the condition:
- Chiropractic Care and Rehabilitation: For inflammatory conditions, chiropractic adjustments and rehabilitation exercises are often effective.
- Immobilisation: In cases of fractures or sprains, immobilisation and rest are essential, followed by rehabilitation to restore mobility.
- Specialist Referrals: For conditions such as vascular disease, infections, or tumours, referrals to appropriate specialists are necessary for further evaluation and treatment.
Prognosis and Potential Complications
Most adults with antalgic gait experience improvement with proper care and treatment. Minor injuries typically heal well with rest and rehabilitation. However, more severe conditions like infections or tumours may require prolonged treatment and closer medical supervision.
The most significant risk comes from missed diagnoses, such as septic arthritis or severe vascular disease, which can have life-threatening consequences if not promptly treated.
Patient Education and Follow-Up Care
Educating patients on their condition and the importance of follow-up care is crucial for a successful recovery. Patients with injuries should avoid using the affected limb until cleared by a healthcare professional. A collaborative approach involving multiple healthcare providers often results in better long-term outcomes for individuals with antalgic gait.
For more information on how we can help manage antalgic gait and relieve your pain, contact our clinic today to schedule an appointment with Harvey Young, a London chiropractor and integrative health expert.
Disclaimer: Our educational content is not meant to replace your medical treatment. Always seek professional advice for your health-related issues.